Gravel Calculator

Calculate cubic yards and tons of gravel, sand, topsoil, or mulch needed for any area.

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Enter your values and click Calculate

This calculator estimates the volume and weight of bulk landscaping materials — gravel, sand, topsoil, or mulch — needed to cover a rectangular area at a specified depth. Volume is calculated in cubic yards, the standard unit used when ordering bulk delivery. Weight in tons is derived using typical material densities: gravel at 1.4 tons per cubic yard, sand at 1.35 tons per cubic yard, topsoil at 1.1 tons per cubic yard, and mulch at 0.4 tons per cubic yard. Weight matters because most delivery trucks have weight limits, and pricing is sometimes quoted per ton rather than per yard. The cost estimate uses an approximate rate of $50 per ton, which is a national average — actual prices vary significantly by material type, region, and supplier. Always obtain a local quote before purchasing.

How It Works

Volume in cubic feet = length × width × (depth ÷ 12). Converting inches to feet by dividing by 12 ensures consistent units. Cubic yards = cubic feet ÷ 27, since 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet. Weight in tons = cubic yards × material density. Density values used: gravel 1.4 tons/yd³, sand 1.35 tons/yd³, topsoil 1.1 tons/yd³, mulch 0.4 tons/yd³. These are typical bulk densities — actual density depends on moisture content and material composition. Dry sand is lighter than wet sand; compacted gravel is heavier than loose gravel. The cost estimate multiplies tons by $50, a rough national average. Gravel and sand typically run $30–$70/ton; topsoil $20–$50/ton; mulch $30–$60/ton depending on type. For large projects, compare per-yard and per-ton pricing from local suppliers.

Examples

Driveway Gravel
A 40×12 ft driveway with 4 inches of gravel.
Result: About 5.93 cubic yards, 8.3 tons. Estimated cost ~$415.
Garden Topsoil
A 20×10 ft raised garden bed filled with 6 inches of topsoil.
Result: About 3.70 cubic yards, 4.07 tons. Estimated cost ~$204.
Sandbox Sand
A 6×6 ft sandbox filled with 8 inches of sand.
Result: About 0.89 cubic yards, 1.2 tons. Estimated cost ~$60.

Frequently Asked Questions

How deep should I lay gravel?
For decorative ground cover in garden beds, 2–3 inches of gravel is sufficient. For driveways, 4 inches of compacted gravel base is standard for light vehicles; 6 inches is recommended for heavy vehicles or areas with soft soil. Pathways and walkways typically use 2–4 inches. For drainage applications, a 6–12 inch layer of coarse gravel around a perforated drain pipe is typical. Always compact gravel in 2-inch lifts for maximum stability.
What's the difference between gravel and crushed stone?
Gravel refers to naturally rounded rock fragments, typically sourced from riverbeds or glacial deposits. Crushed stone is mechanically crushed rock with angular edges that interlock when compacted — making it superior for driveways and structural base layers. For decorative landscaping, rounded pea gravel is popular. For driveways, #57 crushed stone or crusher run (a mix of crushed stone and stone dust) provides the most stable surface. Suppliers often use 'gravel' loosely to refer to either type.
How is bulk material priced — by yard or by ton?
Both pricing methods are common. Suppliers often quote mulch and topsoil by the cubic yard; gravel and sand by the ton. For large orders, get quotes both ways and convert using the density to compare. Delivery minimums typically range from 1 to 5 cubic yards or 1 to 3 tons. For very small quantities (under 0.5 cubic yards), buying bags from a home improvement store may be more practical, though significantly more expensive per unit.
Should I use landscape fabric under gravel?
Landscape fabric (weed barrier) under decorative gravel suppresses weed growth and prevents gravel from sinking into the soil over time. It is recommended for pathways, driveways, and decorative beds where long-term maintenance reduction is a priority. However, fabric can shift and bunch over time in high-traffic areas, and some weeds eventually root through it. For vegetable gardens and planting beds, skip the fabric — it inhibits the natural soil biology that benefits plant growth.

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